Methodology and sources
Every number on this site is computed by script from public U.S. government and agency files (EIA, Census, EPA, NOAA, FEMA, HHS, DOE, NLR and others, all listed with dates and licences on the Data sources page). No figure is typed by hand.
Sources
| Source | Used for | Vintage |
|---|---|---|
| EIA-861 annual survey, tables Sales_Ult_Cust, Reliability, Net_Metering, Service_Territory, Utility_Data | Accounts, revenue and sales by sector, SAIDI/SAIFI/CAIDI, net metering, counties, NERC region | Data years 2015 to 2024, 2025 early release (1,312 utilities in the 2024 sales file, 694 with reliability rows, 863 with net-metering rows) |
| EIA Open Data API, electricity/retail-sales | Annual average price, sales and customers by state and sector; U.S. totals | 2015-2025 annual and monthly to the latest month (51 states and DC); STEO outlook for 2026 and 2027, national only |
| Census Bureau ACS 5-year, tables B01003 and B25003 | State residents and households, used for per-1,000 ratios | 2023 estimates |
Formulas
Utility rate = sector revenue divided by sector sales, in cents per kWh, for the utility's largest state (EIA-861 Bundled and Delivery service rows).
State and U.S. prices are EIA's own annual averages from the retail-sales series; they can differ from an average of utility rows, which come from EIA-861, and the two are not mixed on a page. Rank 1 is the highest price among 50 states and DC.
Implied monthly bill = rate × average annual use per account ÷ 12. It excludes fixed charges, taxes and riders.
SAIDI is minutes without power per customer per year; SAIFI is interruptions per customer per year; CAIDI is minutes per interruption. We use the IEEE 1366 columns. The headline figure excludes major event days; the all-events figure includes them. Medians are taken over utilities that filed IEEE values (673 for SAIDI).
Net-metering uptake = residential net-metered installations per 1,000 residential accounts. The U.S. median (8.7) covers utilities with at least 5,000 residential accounts and at least one residential installation (764 utilities).
Limits
Reliability reporting to EIA is voluntary in many states, so utilities that publish SAIDI are not a random sample. Utilities may define outage start and recording differently.
Utility histories use the EIA-861 files for 2015 to 2024, and the 2025 early release where a utility is in it. EIA says early files are not fully edited and leave out some utilities, so 2025 utility figures are marked preliminary. State figures for 2025 are EIA's annual values, 2026 figures come from EIA monthly data and can be revised, and the 2026 and 2027 outlook is EIA's own national forecast, repeated without change. Utility prices mix full-service and delivery-only rows as EIA files them, so a utility with many customers who buy energy elsewhere can show a lower price and a different trend.
ACS population is a five-year estimate and does not match the year of the electricity data exactly. Utilities with several states are shown for their largest state only.
Nothing here is a quote, a plan comparison or advice about choosing a supplier.
Licence and updates
EIA and Census data are U.S. government publications. EIA-861 is released once a year; pages are rebuilt from fresh files when it is.