Electricity price, income and outages: explorer
Richer states tend to pay more per kWh; outage minutes link to price at r = +0.03 and to income at r = -0.33. 11 states pay more than the median price but lose less power than the median; 11 pay less and lose more. Pick any two measures and any state below.
The explorer
Four groups: price against outages
Pay more, lose less power than the median state (11): Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Massachusetts, Maryland, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Wisconsin.
Pay less, lose more (11): Arkansas, Georgia, Idaho, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana, North Carolina, New Mexico, Tennessee, Washington.
Pay more, lose more (11): Alaska, California, Indiana, Maine, Michigan, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia.
Pay less, lose less (11): Florida, Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, North Dakota, Nebraska, Nevada, Oklahoma, South Carolina, South Dakota, Utah.
Median home price 15.26 ¢ and median outage time 123 minutes across 44 states with enough utilities reporting outages.
How strongly measures move together
Correlation across states: +1 move together, -1 opposite, 0 no straight-line link. These are patterns in 51 averages, not causes.
| Pair | r | States |
|---|---|---|
| home price and median income | +0.59 | 51 |
| home price and outage minutes | +0.05 | 50 |
| median income and outage minutes | -0.33 | 50 |
| home use and income burden | +0.58 | 51 |
| cooling degree-days and home use | +0.67 | 48 |
| renewable share and home price | -0.07 | 51 |
| coal share and CO2 per MWh | +0.84 | 51 |
| heating degree-days and home use | -0.57 | 48 |
All the numbers
| Alaska | 26.09 | 89,336 | 194 | 1.98 | 147 | 564 | 810 | 25.81 | No data | No data | 1,017 | 31.57 | 733,971 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 16.10 | 62,027 | No data | 3.59 | 185 | 1,152 | 711 | 9.13 | 2,820 | 1,898 | 1,383 | 37.61 | 5,054,253 |
| Arkansas | 12.84 | 58,773 | 196 | 2.81 | 138 | 1,074 | 993 | 14.09 | 3,547 | 1,726 | 1,372 | 30.75 | 3,032,651 |
| Arizona | 15.32 | 76,872 | 69.74 | 2.46 | 158 | 1,030 | 687 | 20.33 | 2,207 | 2,707 | 1,750 | 26.30 | 7,268,175 |
| California | 32.54 | 96,334 | 164 | 1.95 | 156 | 480 | 393 | 55.32 | 3,253 | 704 | 1,687 | 91.52 | 39,242,785 |
| Colorado | 15.85 | 92,470 | 119 | 1.39 | 107 | 678 | 1,085 | 43.17 | 7,502 | 251 | 1,534 | 30.78 | 5,810,774 |
| Connecticut | 29.38 | 93,760 | 73.56 | 2.65 | 207 | 705 | 538 | 3.62 | 6,356 | 460 | 1,282 | 40.31 | 3,598,348 |
| District of Columbia | 21.94 | 106,287 | No data | 1.58 | 140 | 639 | 394 | 43.15 | No data | No data | 1,392 | 68.90 | 672,079 |
| Delaware | 17.13 | 82,855 | 66.80 | 2.31 | 160 | 932 | 703 | 4.23 | 4,943 | 945 | 1,383 | 27.64 | 1,005,872 |
| Florida | 15.24 | 71,711 | 66.78 | 2.80 | 167 | 1,099 | 787 | 10.60 | 774 | 3,191 | 1,546 | 31.61 | 21,928,881 |
| Georgia | 14.73 | 74,664 | 210 | 2.58 | 161 | 1,091 | 714 | 12.79 | 3,015 | 1,673 | 1,413 | 27.64 | 10,822,590 |
| Hawaii | 40.59 | 98,317 | No data | 2.53 | 207 | 511 | 1,385 | 21.71 | No data | No data | 1,714 | 37.13 | 1,445,635 |
| Iowa | 13.72 | 73,147 | 84.39 | 1.93 | 118 | 857 | 630 | 62.02 | 7,082 | 811 | 1,373 | 17.97 | 3,195,937 |
| Idaho | 11.82 | 74,636 | 153 | 1.77 | 110 | 933 | 313 | 68.50 | 7,220 | 409 | 1,371 | 19.03 | 1,893,296 |
| Illinois | 17.69 | 81,702 | 56.94 | 1.88 | 128 | 722 | 472 | 16.73 | 6,437 | 841 | 1,308 | 41.52 | 12,692,653 |
| Indiana | 16.23 | 70,051 | 124 | 2.66 | 155 | 957 | 1,457 | 16.19 | 5,941 | 887 | 1,370 | 40.28 | 6,811,752 |
| Kansas | 14.56 | 72,639 | 114 | 2.12 | 128 | 880 | 728 | 47.97 | 5,140 | 1,431 | 1,482 | 17.99 | 2,937,569 |
| Kentucky | 13.24 | 62,417 | 146 | 2.88 | 150 | 1,132 | 1,735 | 8.74 | 4,654 | 1,182 | 1,340 | 29.30 | 4,510,725 |
| Louisiana | 12.57 | 60,023 | 219 | 3.08 | 154 | 1,227 | 761 | 5.13 | 1,786 | 2,557 | 1,484 | 34.73 | 4,621,025 |
| Massachusetts | 30.48 | 101,341 | 77.14 | 2.17 | 183 | 600 | 822 | 17.22 | 6,635 | 383 | 1,277 | 53.71 | 6,992,395 |
| Maryland | 19.48 | 101,652 | 76.64 | 2.18 | 185 | 948 | 520 | 10.21 | 4,952 | 968 | 1,388 | 40.95 | 6,170,738 |
| Maine | 27.78 | 71,773 | 273 | 2.47 | 148 | 532 | 312 | 57.80 | 8,285 | 171 | 1,267 | 77.96 | 1,377,400 |
| Michigan | 20.01 | 71,149 | 160 | 2.14 | 127 | 634 | 793 | 12.52 | 7,201 | 504 | 1,280 | 38.77 | 10,051,595 |
| Minnesota | 15.82 | 87,556 | 91.33 | 1.61 | 117 | 742 | 748 | 33.66 | 9,035 | 422 | 1,353 | 30.53 | 5,713,716 |
| Missouri | 13.49 | 68,920 | 107 | 2.50 | 143 | 1,063 | 1,444 | 13.07 | 5,223 | 1,255 | 1,386 | 20.34 | 6,168,181 |
| Mississippi | 14.03 | 54,915 | 280 | 3.63 | 166 | 1,183 | 826 | 6.05 | 2,521 | 2,126 | 1,370 | 24.49 | 2,951,438 |
| Montana | 12.98 | 69,922 | 150 | 1.90 | 111 | 853 | 1,056 | 56.35 | 8,999 | 161 | 1,316 | 19.30 | 1,105,072 |
| North Carolina | 14.02 | 69,904 | 144 | 2.51 | 146 | 1,044 | 624 | 13.80 | 3,607 | 1,366 | 1,411 | 24.29 | 10,584,340 |
| North Dakota | 11.81 | 75,949 | 84.68 | 2.00 | 127 | 1,073 | 1,288 | 40.59 | 9,619 | 423 | 1,326 | 22.77 | 779,361 |
| Nebraska | 12.34 | 74,985 | 68.25 | 1.92 | 120 | 971 | 1,018 | 33.06 | 6,619 | 982 | 1,439 | 16.41 | 1,965,926 |
| New Hampshire | 24.56 | 95,628 | 84.23 | 1.97 | 157 | 639 | 273 | 12.62 | 7,959 | 223 | 1,258 | 32.76 | 1,387,834 |
| New Jersey | 22.63 | 101,050 | 103 | 1.78 | 150 | 664 | 468 | 3.64 | 5,702 | 676 | 1,324 | 43.14 | 9,267,014 |
| New Mexico | 15.08 | 62,125 | 172 | 1.90 | 98.59 | 654 | 770 | 52.87 | 4,858 | 833 | 1,784 | 20.93 | 2,114,768 |
| Nevada | 13.15 | 75,561 | 63.76 | 1.82 | 114 | 870 | 642 | 44.15 | 3,762 | 1,915 | 1,818 | 3.06 | 3,141,000 |
| New York | 26.39 | 84,578 | 143 | 2.19 | 155 | 586 | 465 | 28.72 | 6,495 | 486 | 1,273 | 42.34 | 19,872,319 |
| Ohio | 16.96 | 69,680 | 133 | 2.58 | 150 | 883 | 1,064 | 8.08 | 6,062 | 727 | 1,244 | 32.50 | 11,780,046 |
| Oklahoma | 13.12 | 63,603 | 122 | 2.65 | 140 | 1,071 | 647 | 45.32 | 3,725 | 1,922 | 1,495 | 29.39 | 3,995,260 |
| Oregon | 15.37 | 80,426 | 127 | 2.00 | 134 | 873 | 364 | 64.48 | 5,633 | 157 | 1,130 | 44.18 | 4,238,714 |
| Pennsylvania | 19.30 | 76,081 | 130 | 2.56 | 163 | 843 | 646 | 3.86 | 6,110 | 598 | 1,241 | 41.50 | 12,986,518 |
| Rhode Island | 29.46 | 86,372 | No data | 2.30 | 166 | 562 | 839 | 11.05 | 6,308 | 404 | 1,295 | 52.72 | 1,095,371 |
| South Carolina | 14.96 | 66,818 | 92.80 | 2.89 | 161 | 1,076 | 557 | 6.33 | 2,803 | 1,838 | 1,463 | 19.01 | 5,212,774 |
| South Dakota | 13.38 | 72,421 | 57.12 | 2.23 | 134 | 1,005 | 334 | 79.53 | 7,977 | 672 | 1,400 | 20.76 | 899,194 |
| Tennessee | 13.18 | 67,097 | 168 | 2.87 | 160 | 1,217 | 657 | 13.94 | 3,961 | 1,369 | 1,385 | 27.96 | 6,986,082 |
| Texas | 15.47 | 76,292 | 153 | 2.72 | 173 | 1,118 | 768 | 32.96 | 2,035 | 2,648 | 1,498 | 33.82 | 29,640,343 |
| Utah | 13.07 | 91,750 | 104 | 1.33 | 102 | 777 | 1,413 | 22.17 | 7,410 | 427 | 1,541 | 20.13 | 3,331,187 |
| Virginia | 15.28 | 90,974 | 245 | 2.15 | 163 | 1,067 | 537 | 12.38 | 4,577 | 1,014 | 1,343 | 34.39 | 8,657,499 |
| Vermont | 22.92 | 78,024 | No data | 2.09 | 136 | 594 | 42.98 | 99.84 | 8,577 | 171 | 1,225 | 34.11 | 645,254 |
| Washington | 13.11 | 94,952 | 158 | 1.58 | 125 | 955 | 265 | 73.22 | 5,939 | 131 | 1,062 | 44.22 | 7,740,984 |
| Wisconsin | 18.16 | 75,670 | 97.80 | 1.92 | 121 | 666 | 1,157 | 13.55 | 7,934 | 478 | 1,324 | 28.70 | 5,892,023 |
| West Virginia | 15.41 | 57,917 | No data | 3.43 | 165 | 1,073 | 1,954 | 6.84 | 5,359 | 745 | 1,199 | 52.88 | 1,784,462 |
| Wyoming | 13.38 | 74,815 | No data | 1.82 | 114 | 850 | 1,820 | 30.83 | 8,703 | 220 | 1,549 | 21.97 | 579,761 |
50 states and DC, thirteen measures: EIA electricity retail sales, annual and monthly (API v2); EIA-861 annual electric power industry report, 2024 final; U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 5-year, 2023; EPA eGRID2023 (rev2, June 2025); EIA-923 generation (2025 final) and EIA-860 generator file (2025); NOAA NCEI nClimDiv statewide heating and cooling degree-days; NLR (formerly NREL) PVWatts v8 API, computed 6 Oct 2026.
CSVSources, dates and licences
| Source | Data period | Retrieved | Licence |
|---|---|---|---|
| EIA electricity retail sales, annual and monthly (API v2) | annual 2010 to 2025, monthly to Jul 2026 | 1 Oct 2026 | U.S. government data, public domain; cite EIA |
| EIA-861 annual electric power industry report, 2024 final | data year 2024 (2015 to 2023 files for history) | 1 Oct 2026 | U.S. government data, public domain; EIA asks for citation |
| U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 5-year, 2023 | 2019 to 2023 | 1 Oct 2026 | U.S. government data, public domain; cite Census Bureau |
| EPA eGRID2023 (rev2, June 2025) | data year 2023 | 2 Oct 2026 | U.S. government data, public domain; cite EPA |
| EIA-923 generation (2025 final) and EIA-860 generator file (2025) | data year 2025 | 2 Oct 2026 | U.S. government data, public domain; cite EIA |
| NOAA NCEI nClimDiv statewide heating and cooling degree-days | 2015 to 2025, normals 1991 to 2020 (files dated 4 Sep 2026) | 2 Oct 2026 | U.S. government data, free to reuse; cite NOAA NCEI |
| NLR (formerly NREL) PVWatts v8 API | typical weather year, 1 kW fixed roof system | 2 Oct 2026 | Computed by us from the free API; we publish results only, API terms of use apply |
Outage minutes use the weighted state value described on the reliability ranking: states with fewer than three reporting utilities or thin coverage are blank.
All source data are U.S. government publications. The tables and charts on this page are our own computations from them; how the sources are joined.
Questions
Do richer states pay more for electricity?
Somewhat: the correlation between median household income and home price is r = +0.59 across 51 states (a moderate link). Plenty of states break the pattern.
Do cheaper states have more outages?
The link is weak: r = +0.03 between home price and outage minutes. Price does not tell you about reliability.
Do richer states have fewer outages?
r = -0.33 between income and outage minutes across 44 states. Other factors, such as weather and how a utility reports, may matter more; our data do not isolate them.
What does the correlation number mean?
It ranges from -1 to +1. Near zero: no straight-line pattern. It does not prove one measure causes the other.
Why are some states missing from the outage axis?
Fewer than three utilities report SAIDI in the EIA file or they cover too little of the state: Alabama, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, Wyoming.
Can I use the data?
Yes. Download the CSV under the table. The source data are U.S. government publications; cite EIA, EPA, NOAA and the Census Bureau as listed.
Does the chart work without JavaScript?
The scatter needs JavaScript. The table of all numbers below it does not, and you can sort it and download it.