Electric Consumer

Editor: Katerine G., Editor & Data Researcher · Research & publishing: Electric Consumer Editorial Team · Data retrieved · Sources named on this page: EIA-861, EIA retail sales, EIA-860/923, Census ACS, NOAA · How we got these numbers · Report an error

Cost to heat a home in Vermont: electricity vs gas

With electricity at 22.92 cents per kWh and natural gas at $18.00 per Mcf in 2025, one MMBtu of heat costs $18.29 from a gas furnace, $22.39 from a heat pump and $67.17 from resistance heating in Vermont.

Your Vermont heating cost

    Vermont inputs: 22.92 ¢ per kWh, $18.0 per Mcf, fuel only; the need is an illustration. Method.

    The numbers

    Electricity 2025
    22.92 ¢/kWhrank 7 of 45 states by price
    Natural gas 2025
    $18.00 per Mcfrank 10 of 45 states by gas price
    Gas furnace
    $18.29 per MMBtu95% efficiency, rank 10 of 45
    Heat pump
    $22.39 per MMBturank 39 of 45 states, COP 3.0 assumed
    Electric resistance
    $67.17 per MMBtu3.7 times a furnace
    Break-even COP
    3.67a heat pump above it beats gas; rank 26 of 45
    Annual cost at 50 MMBtu
    $1,120 heat pumpfuel only
    Homes heated by electricity
    8%18% utility gas, 19% propane, 40% oil
    Electricity since 2024
    +4.7%
    Gas since 2024
    +3.8%
    2026 to date
    power +6.6%, gas +4.4%January to Jul against 2025
    Winter load
    +51% over spring and fallsummer +22%: a winter-peaking state
    Heating degree-days, normal year
    8,5771991 to 2020; 2025 had 7,930, rank 5 of 42 states by normal HDD
    Occupied homes in Vermont (ACS 2023)
    269,46621,893 electric, 47,955 utility gas, 50,370 propane, 107,038 oil; 0 of 14 counties are over half electric
    Generating capacity in Vermont
    878 MWEIA-860 2025; 2 MW under construction

    Vermont charts

    One MMBtu of heat in Vermont

    $18.29 gas, $22.39 heat pump, $67.17 resistance.

    $ per MMBtu

    • Electric resistance67.2
    • Heat pump, COP 3.022.4
    • Gas furnace, 95%18.3

    Vermont, Cost of one MMBtu of heat in Vermont: EIA retail sales and natural gas prices.

    CSV

    Prices since 2015, Vermont

    Electricity $67.17 and gas $17 per MMBtu of energy in 2025.

    Fuel cost per MMBtu, Vermont, 2015 to 2025: 11 rows
    YearVermont electricityVermont gas
    201550.114.1
    201650.913.7
    201751.813.6
    201852.813.2
    201951.912.7
    202057.312.8
    202156.413.5
    202258.415.0
    202361.016.5
    202464.216.7
    202567.217.4

    11 rows from EIA retail sales and natural gas prices.

    CSV

    How Vermont heats

    8% electric.

    % of homes

    • Electricity8.1
    • Utility gas17.8
    • Propane18.7
    • Fuel oil39.7
    • Wood13.0

    Vermont, How Vermont homes are heated: Census ACS 2023, table B25040.

    CSV

    Break-even COP by month, Vermont

    1.98 to 4.24 across the months shown.

    Break-even COP by month, Vermont: 12 rows
    Month20252026
    Jan4.034.15
    Feb4.094.24
    Mar4.054.16
    Apr3.884.01
    May3.393.53
    Jun2.762.70
    Jul2.052.09
    Aug1.98No data
    Sep2.27No data
    Oct2.82No data
    Nov3.71No data
    Dec4.02No data

    12 rows from EIA retail sales.

    CSV

    How Vermont homes heat

    Vermont main fuelVermont homesVermont shareVermont rank among states
    Electricity21,8938.1%45 of 45
    Utility gas47,95517.8%43 of 45
    Propane50,37018.7%1 of 45
    Fuel oil107,03839.7%2 of 45
    Wood34,95413.0%1 of 45

    Vermont has 878 MW of operable generating capacity (EIA-860, 2025), largest in hydro (conventional) at 328 MW; 2 MW is under construction and 90 MW planned, which matters if heat pumps add winter load.

    3 Vermont utilities report meters to EIA-861: 78.1% of 342,624 home meters are smart (AMI), 3 offer a home time-of-use rate and 8,188 homes are on dynamic pricing.

    Vermont counties by electric heating

    Largest electric share first, then the smallest; 12 counties.

    Vermont countyVermont residentsVermont electric heatVermont utility gasVermont propaneVermont median income
    Chittenden County168,83114%54%10%$94,310
    Windsor County57,9688%3%24%$75,247
    Bennington County37,3127%2%17%$71,494
    Windham County45,9137%2%17%$68,021
    Washington County59,9587%2%28%$79,853
    Rutland County60,4846%2%16%$64,778
    Franklin County50,3796%27%18%$79,078
    Addison County37,4976%7%22%$88,478
    Lamoille County26,0364%3%34%$69,897
    Caledonia County30,4254%1%22%$66,075
    Orange County29,5944%1%25%$77,328
    Orleans County27,4923%2%17%$66,426

    Vermont month by month

    MonthVermont electricity ¢/kWhVermont gas $/McfHeat pump $/MMBtuGas furnace $/MMBtuVermont break-even COP
    Jul 202623.75$32.73$23.2$33.32.09
    Jun 202624.44$26.07$23.9$26.52.70
    May 202624.89$20.31$24.3$20.63.53
    Apr 202624.56$17.65$24.0$17.94.01
    Mar 202624.11$16.73$23.6$17.04.16
    Feb 202623.27$15.82$22.7$16.14.24
    Jan 202623.29$16.18$22.8$16.44.15
    Dec 202523.22$16.67$22.7$16.94.02
    Nov 202524.17$18.80$23.6$19.13.71
    Oct 202524.78$25.31$24.2$25.72.82
    Sep 202523.92$30.45$23.4$30.92.27
    Aug 202522.27$32.39$21.8$32.91.98
    Jul 202522.14$31.11$21.6$31.62.05
    Jun 202523.00$24.03$22.5$24.42.76
    May 202523.75$20.20$23.2$20.53.39
    Apr 202522.97$17.08$22.4$17.43.88
    Mar 202522.38$15.95$21.9$16.24.05
    Feb 202521.99$15.49$21.5$15.74.09
    Jan 202521.74$15.55$21.2$15.84.03

    Heating season

    A normal year in Vermont brings 8,577 heating degree-days and 171 cooling degree-days (1991 to 2020). Months above 300 heating degree-days in a normal year: Jan, Feb, Mar, Apr, May, Oct, Nov, Dec. 2025 had 7,930, 8% below normal; the highest of 2015 to 2025 was 8,471 in 2019.

    Vermont degree-days by year

    Heating and cooling degree-days, Vermont, 2015 to 2025: 11 rows
    Vermont yearHeating (HDD)Cooling (CDD)Normal HDDNormal CDD
    201581902638577171
    201675202858577171
    201777241628577171
    201881043448577171
    201984712338577171
    202074813198577171
    202174262988577171
    202277152948577171
    202371072658577171
    202470353688577171
    202579302978577171

    NOAA nClimDiv degree-days for Vermont, 2015 to 2025, pulled 2 Oct 2026.

    CSV

    Heating degree-days by month

    Heating degree-days by month, Vermont: 12 rows
    Month2025Normal
    Jan14661523
    Feb13071340
    Mar9611161
    Apr663736
    May343389
    Jun62127
    Jul1246
    Aug7090
    Sep182260
    Oct514604
    Nov931937
    Dec14191364

    NOAA nClimDiv degree-days for Vermont by month, 2025.

    CSV
    Vermont, 2025 by month: 12 rows
    MonthHDD 2025HDD normalCDD 2025CDD normal
    Jan1,4661,52300
    Feb1,3071,34000
    Mar9611,16100
    Apr66373600
    May34338944
    Jun621275220
    Jul124616185
    Aug70906757
    Sep182260135
    Oct51460400
    Nov93193700
    Dec1,4191,36400

    NOAA nClimDiv degree-days for Vermont, 2025 by month.

    CSV

    Analyst note

    Electric heating stands out in Vermont: 8.1% of 269,466 homes, rank 45 of 45. Main heating fuel in Vermont is fuel oil (40% of homes); electricity heats 8% and utility gas 18%. Since 2024 electricity moved +4.7% and gas +3.8%; in 2026 to date power is +6.6% and gas +4.4% on a year earlier. A COP 3.0 heat pump trails a furnace here by $4.10 per MMBtu; the break-even COP of 3.67 ranks 26 of 45. The most electric counties of Vermont with 20,000+ residents are led by Chittenden County at 14% of homes. A normal Vermont year has 8,577 heating degree-days, and 2025 had 7,930, so heating demand ran 8% below the 1991 to 2020 normal.

    States with a similar break-even

    State near VermontBreak-even COP near VermontGas, $ per MMBtuHeat pump, $ per MMBtu
    Utah3.70$10.35$12.77
    Pennsylvania3.70$15.28$18.85
    Iowa3.73$10.78$13.40
    North Dakota3.59$9.65$11.54
    District of Columbia3.79$16.95$21.43
    New Hampshire3.81$18.91$23.99

    Questions on heating in Vermont

    How electric is heating in Vermont?

    8.1% of 269,466 homes, 21,893 in all, ranks 45 of 45 states; 0 of 14 counties are over half electric.

    Is a heat pump cheaper than gas in Vermont?

    No on fuel cost: $22.39 per MMBtu against $18.29 for gas, break-even COP 3.67.

    Which Vermont county has the most electric heating?

    Chittenden County: 14% of 70,443 homes among counties with 20,000+ residents, median income $94,310.

    What share of Vermont homes heat with electricity?

    8% of 269,466 occupied homes in ACS 2023, against 18% with utility gas.

    Where does Vermont rank on heat pump cost?

    39 of 45 at $22.39 per MMBtu; North Dakota is lowest at $11.54.

    Is Vermont a winter or summer electricity state?

    Winter use runs +51% over spring and fall, summer +22%: heating drives the load.

    Did gas or electricity get more expensive in Vermont in 2026?

    January to Jul: electricity +6.6%, gas +4.4% on a year earlier.

    How much generating capacity does Vermont have?

    878 MW operable in 2025, 2 MW under construction, 90 MW planned (EIA-860).

    How many Vermont homes have smart meters?

    78.1% of 342,624 home meters, 3 of 3 reporting utilities offer time-of-use.

    More on Vermont

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    With electricity at 22.92 cents per kWh and natural gas at $18.00 per Mcf in 2025, one MMBtu of heat costs $18.29 from a gas furnace, $22.39 from a heat pump and $67.17…